Combat
Combat is one of the most essential parts of this game. There are 4 different combat classes, they are: Melee, Ranged, Magic, and Summoning.
The Melee class has the greatest amount of defense. The Ranger class can deal damage at distances, but needs to stock Ammo. The Mage class can deal damage on normal distances. The Summoner class can deal damage when not attacking, through the summoned minions, but has the least amount of defense.
Other game items can deal damage: Explosives and one-use Weapons. Stat buffs include: damage, critical strike chance and attack speed. You can buff these stats by using consumables and trinkets.
Note: the Player is considered "In Combat" when they are either dealing, or are being dealt damage from a Hostile monster.
Damage done from the environment, or to breakables is not considered "In Combat" for the purposes of some effects, such as the speed boost provided by the Traveler Cloak.
A Training Dummy or Snowman can be used to measure damage per second but it can be misleading since it does not include armor.
There are many steps for damage calculation but it roughly is as follows:
Start with the damage after modifiers.
Damage reduction is (armor - armor penetration) * 0.5.
Pick the larger value between 0 and damage - damage reduction.
If the attack is a crit, multiply by the crit damage. This is 2 at base value.
Multiply by a random number between 0.8 and 1.2
Pick the larger value between 1 and the randomized damage.
This means armor reduces the damage taken by half its value.
Since crits are calculated after armor, armor has a larger impact on crit damage than regular damage.
The minimum damage possible is 1.
This can be used to estimate an average dps with armor.
As long as the crit chance is expressed as decimal between 0 and 1 and the final damage is more than 1, the following calculation can be used:
(Damage - (armor - armor penetration) * 0.5) * (1 + (crit damage - 1) * crit chance) * attack speed
Although attack speed is meant to be the attacks per second, the actual attack speed is slightly lower than the displayed value. This value is still good enough for most calculations as it only has a noticeable impact on weapons with very high attack speeds